The World Of West Africa - 1580 Words

Between the years 1500 and 1900, Europeans forced hundreds of millions of people from West and Central Africa to become slaves in the Americas. Once in the Americas, they were put on plantations and worked in brutal, degrading conditions. Millions of Africans were killed in the process. They were stripped of their identity and were no longer considered human, just a slave to the forces of white men. The people of west africa had a rich culture and history, as well as a variety of political systems, such as kingdoms and city states, before European slavers arrived on their shores. Art, learning and technology flourished in Africa. The people were skilled in medicine, mathematics and astronomy. They made luxury items in bronze, ivory, gold and terracotta. Each of these items were valued by the Portuguese and other Europeans, along with spices, particularly pepper. The Europeans bought and kidnapped some Africans who were for sale in Europe. However, transatlantic slaving did not becom e a dominant trade until the 17th century when plantation owners demanded workers to supply the ever increasing demand for sugar. Most of the Africans enslaved were war captives. Some, however, were kidnapped or sold into slavery to pay a debt. These captives were shackled to each other and marched to the coast where they waited in stone forts. The journey to the coast often took as long as months. Once the slaving ships arrived, the Europeans would offload the many trade goods to give toShow MoreRelatedEducation Of West Afric A Little Background Information1101 Words   |  5 PagesEducation In West Africa Illiteracy rates in West Africa are the highest in the world (Dakar). In the United States the ability to read with competence, or even receiving education to do so, is something that’s often taken for granted. We often forget that this privilege is not universally shared. This is especially true in West Africa. Communities there lack the resources and structured society to provide citizens with opportunities to increase their literacy. What the current education is likeRead MoreThe Trade Routes And The Spread Of Islam1599 Words   |  7 Pagesand the Impact on West Africa Through the Spread of Islam Along These Routes The trade routes of Mali are not as well known as others like the Silk Road, but they were influential in the trade of North Africa and forever influenced history. These trade routes conveyed gold, salt, and, to a lesser extent, copper to empires in the Middle East and Mediterranean. However, the most influential effect of these trade routes was the spread of Islam throughout West and Central Africa. The empire of MaliRead MoreEffects Of The Age Of Exploration1195 Words   |  5 Pagestime of both good and bad when the Europeans founded new lands and colonize them, such as the New World. To them, they had greatly benefited as their power grew but for others, their land were invaded and lost many lives. The Spanish and the Portuguese are two main leaders of Europe that began the movement of exploration and colonization. Because of their actions, regions like Latin America and West Africa were at a deep disadvantage, being control by other country. But because of the age of explorationRead MoreWest Africa s Struggle With Health Care1721 Words   |  7 PagesWest Africa’s Struggle with Health Care Africa is the cradle of the humanity, and the second most populated continent. West Africa has suffered from lack of infrastructure and healthcare. This handicap is characterised by the weather knowing that the west in close to the equator. The tropical climate bring a lot of mosquitos, wich brings malaria to the children and the women. One of the major need are the number of doctors is low. Most African countries import their medicine from the exterior:Read MoreWhy Literacy Rate Of South Africa Is Higher Than That Of West Africa? Essay1714 Words   |  7 PagesWhy literacy rate in South Africa is higher than that of West Africa? The countries in South Africa are already done much better in the development work along with education system by increasing the literacy rate in the country whereas the countries of West Africa are still too much back warded about the literacy in their society. These two parts of the continent are opposite to each other about the awareness and beneficial factor of education. In countries of South Africa, people are known as sociallyRead Morechanges in Africa from 500 C.E to 1500 C.E783 Words   |  4 PagesChanges in Africa from 500 C.E to 1500C.E The role of religion has changed over time in West Africa from the migration of Islam bringing its new faith, rituals, and establishment of a greater connection with the outside world through trade and cultural diffusion. However the unique African religion that existed beforehand was still retained; the African culture still believing in animism and polytheism even after the spread of Islam. From 1000-1500 CE the role of religion has seen changes and continuitiesRead MoreImpact Of Slave Trade On West Africa1153 Words   |  5 PagesFor 300 years, Africa participated in the Atlantic Slave Trade, providing humans in exchange for other goods. During that 300 years, some twelve million Africans were transported to the Americas. This mass, forced migration had many consequences for Africa, in many aspects of its history. In World History classes—both high school and college— these consequences for Africa are usually omitted, and a more Eurocentric view of the Atlantic Sla ve Trade dominates. Because of this, many are not aware ofRead MoreMali : The Largest Country1246 Words   |  5 Pages1. Mali - Mali is the eighth largest country in the entire West Africa. The economic center of Mali runs on agriculture and also fishing. Mali is the third largest gold producing country in the world, another interesting thing it produces is salt. Mali also produced a federation in the year 1960 after gaining independence Mali had gotten the Mali federation. 2. Chad - Chad is located in central West Africa it borders with Libya and Sudan on either side of it. Chad is a very unique place it isRead MoreImpact Of Trans Atlantic Slave Trade On African Societies1314 Words   |  6 PagesFor 300 years, Africa participated in the Atlantic slave trade, providing humans in exchange for other goods. During that 300 years, some twelve million Africans were transported to the Americas. This mass, forced migration had many consequences for Africa, in many aspects of its history. In World History classes—both high school and college— these consequences for Africa are usually omitted, and a more Eurocentric view of the Atlantic slave trade dominates. Because of this, many are not aware ofRead MoreThe Growth Of Trade Between Africa1037 Words   |  5 Pages The growth of trade between Africa, Asia and Europe influenced a very important religion. The location of the Islamic world was ideal for trade, it lay between the Mediterranean S ea and the Indian Ocean. Muslims traveled by land and sea, creating a network of trade. A Muslim scholar named Ibn Battuta traveled around Europe, Africa and Asia for about 7 years. Ibn Battuta traveled all around West Africa, Europe and Asia. The goods they traded were silk, paper, dishes, spices, gems and coconuts

The Effects Of Dementia On The Brain Essay - 1262 Words

Usually in chronic or progressive nature, Dementia is a syndrome where there is a deterioration in one’s cognitive function. Which is dramatically greater than normal cognitive deterioration expected from normal aging. It is caused by a variety of diseases and injuries that affect the brain, such as a stroke or Alzheimer’s disease, 60-70% of cases are contributed to Alzheimer’s. Dementia affects memory, comprehension, calculation, language, judgment, thinking, and learning capacity. This is devastating on the person affected and also the family of the person affected and can commonly lead to deterioration in emotional control, motivation, and social behavior. Worldwide, it is estimated that 47.5 million people are living with dementia, 7.7 million new cases every year, and it is estimated that 75.6 million will be affected in 2030. Dementia is damage of nerve cells in several areas of the brain and affects people differently based on the location of the damaged nerve cells. The type of dementia is usually grouped by what they have in common, as in the area of the brain affected or whether they are progressive (worsen over time). There also some dementias that are caused by a reaction to medications or vitamin deficiencies and can possibly improve with treatment. Progressive dementias that progress over time and are not reversible and have causes that are currently unknown but, over time, science might be able to pinpoint a direct cause. Alzheimer’s disease is the mostShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Dementia On The Brain Essay1594 Words   |  7 Pagesit can cause brain damage which can lead to dementia. Dementia isn’t necessarily a disease but rather terminology to describe a set of symptoms. â€Å"Severe impairment in intellectual capacity and personality, often due to damage to the brain† (Gazzaniga, Grison, Heatherton, 2015). In other words, dementia comes with an inability to process surroundings, a difference in character, and, depending in severity, complete memory loss. This loss is because nerve cells in the parts of the brain that are responsibleRead MoreDementia And Its Effect On The Function Of The Brain1399 Words   |  6 PagesDementia is a term used to describe the symptoms of a number of illnesses which effe ct the function of the brain. It is an umbrella term describing the progressive decline in a person’s cognitive ability. The type and severity of symptoms varies with each type of dementia and is usually has a gradual onset, is progressive and irreversible. (1) Research conducted by the Australian government in 2011, estimated that 298,000 Australians have been diagnosed with dementia and based on current projectionsRead MoreIs Dementia A Progressive Brain Dysfunction?1016 Words   |  5 Pagesdiagnosed with dementia, one must suffer a decline in mental ability severe enough to interfere with daily life. While symptoms of dementia can vary greatly, the most common indicators are memory issues, communication and language impairment, and the loss of ability to focus and pay attention. Symptoms of dementia often tend to start out slowly and then gradually progress over time. Most of the types of dementia continue to worsen and are usually irreversible. Observable dementia signs may include:Read MoreAlzheimer s Disease : The Most Common Form Of Dementia1427 Words   |  6 PagesDementia, known as one of the world s current pandemics, is estimated to be the fourth most common cause of death in the developed country, second only to cardiovascul ar, cerebrovascular diseases and cancer. With the aging population, dementia has gradually become a serious threat to the health of the elderly people in Australia. Alzheimer s disease is the most common form of dementia. Alzheimer s disease usually occurs in a primary degenerative encephalopathy in senile and pre senior periodRead MoreThe Difference Between Dementia And Alzheimer s Disease1523 Words   |  7 Pagesthe difference between Dementia and Alzheimer s disease. Dementia is not a disease, it is a term used to describe Neurological conditions that involves some form of serious mental disorder such as memory loss, confusion, and impaired judgment. Alzheimer s is an actual disease, which is a form of Dementia and the most common type of Dementia; it is accountable for 60% - 80% of all cases of Dementia. Dementia has been around for many years dating back to the 1900 s. Dementia refers to a group of symptomsRead MoreTypes of Dementia1550 Words   |  7 PagesDEMENTIA’S Dementia is a vague term used to describe a person that has loss of memory and change in behavior and activities. It goes beyond the forgetfulness and absent minded. It is commonly used In reference to the elderly, when cognitive abilities start to slip from one’s own control. Dementia cannot be diagnosed due to memory loss alone. It must be accompanied by two or more interruptions of brain function. Individuals who suffer from a disease that causes dementia undergo a number of changesRead MoreThe National Institute Of Neurological Disorders And Stroke Defines Dementia1563 Words   |  7 PagesStroke defines dementia as:â€Å" word for a group of symptoms caused by disorders that affect the brain. It is not a specific disease. People with dementia may not be able to think well enough to do normal activities, such as getting dressed or eating. They may lose their ability to solve problems or control their emotions. Their personalities may change. They may become agitated or see things that are not there. (Health, 2014).This essay is going to discuss and explore what dementia is and the fourRead MoreDrug Therapy And Its Effects On The Health Of Individuals Essay1587 Words   |  7 Pagesabundance of lives and will continue to progress over the next generations. Medical breakthroughs appear to happen quite commonly now, and that clearly means something for the effects of drugs. However, drug therapy is not the only effective type of therapy and does not work for every disease. Cancer, Parkinson’s disease, and dementia have been effecting more and more people over time and there is still no cure or promising treatment. Therefore, we must look at different options when considering the wellRead MoreDiabetes And Dementia. Justice Nathan. Animal Physiology1569 Words   |  7 Pages Diabetes and Dementia Justice Nathan Animal Physiology Lab Dr. Ritchie May 2, 2017 As the population continues to age, different risk factors also increase. There are so many diseases that are becoming a major threat to public health worldwide. The rate of all the different risk factors continue to increase, and with those to continued increases it will push other risk factors to increase. For example, with the increased risked of obesity, the risk of diabetes also increasesRead MoreUnit 533 Understand the Process and Experience of Dementia1432 Words   |  6 Pages |There are many causes of dementia. Dementia is caused by changes to the brain; there are different | | | |types of Dementia. Vascular dementia is caused when the brains blood supply is disrupted, the brain| | | |does not get enough oxygen and brain cells die off. Lewys Body dementia is caused by lumps of | | | |protein in the brain which interfere with chemicals of the brain ‘dopamine’ and ‘acetylcholine’ |

Autobiography in psychology Free Essays

Ms. Darlene Gigabits August 12, 2014 Chocolate Hills The Chocolate Hills are probably Boll’s most famous tourist attraction. They look like giant mole hills, or as some say, women’s breasts, and remind us of the hills in a small child’s drawing. We will write a custom essay sample on Autobiography in psychology or any similar topic only for you Order Now Most people who first see pictures of this landscape can hardly believe that these hills are not a man-made artifact. To get back to Dignitary, you will have to walk back to the main road, and wait for a bus to pass by. The last bus room Carmen to Dignitary leaves at four P. M. Alternatively, you can use the services of the motorcyclists who often wait here for tourist, and ride ‘habit-habit,’ or motorbike taxi. Boll was gifted with very amazing land formations such as these hills. It may not give you a majestic aura but it can make you appreciate how mysterious these natural wonders are. The viewing deck area may need to undergo a few more improvements El Indo Palatal Rocks and corals would hurt your feet so for those who have not been here yet, don’t forget to bring and wear your best aqua shoes to avoid going home with cuts. Also, a dry bag to keep your things will make you happy especially if your camera is not water proof. As a divers, you should do at least one or two days of diving in El Indo. There are many nice dive sites in El Indo. I especially loved the rock formations and caves and of course the turtles Island hopping tours are a must in El Indo! Do them all for there is several and they are all different from each other and really fantastic. The lunches are usually cooked over a charcoal fire on a deserted beach. Kayak Tours to the lagoons and beaches around Million are many travelers favorite. For he fittest, I highly recommend you climb the cliff, towering El Indo town for a challenging hike and a breathtaking view Mayo Volcano Despite its tragic past, Caws Ruins continues to invite tourists to visit the place because of its spectacular view of the Mayo Volcano where everyone can see it with their naked eyes. The rich diversity of history, place and the people could be seen through the number of tourists that came over to from different part of the world. There, tourists can buy handicrafts, souvenir shirts and meet hospitable photographers who can direct you for picture-perfect shots. Drank Falls Drank Falls is one of the very accessible natural destinations in the province of Racial. The natural beauty of Drank Falls enchants visitors and guests. Its natural beauty, serenity, swimming with clean waterfalls, friendly staff, environment friendly ambiance, and other activities like rock balancing, river trekking, etc. Makes the visit to Drank Falls complete. Lunette Park Lunette park is one of the tourist spots in Manila. One thing that I like in this park is the man-made lake that has a relief map of the Philippines in the middle. Lots of people visit this place every Sunday for picnics. You will also see that some groups of martial artists are using this park every morning for practice like Seekers,Filipino Martial Arts, and ATA Chi practitioners. Met. Punctuation A desolate place transformed into a refuge for adventure seekers, Met. Punctuation now boasts breathtaking sceneries comparable to other tourist attractions across the country. He true Journey begins as you embark on a long and exciting trek to the volcano-mountain’s center. You don’t need to worry about the whole trekking thing because the reward is very promising: a paradise hidden at the heart of the mountain. Polaroid Junkies must take advantage of the place’s astonishing backdrop, which is perfect for photo shoots. Portray Borealis a beautiful small island surrounded bifocal reefs and located one km north-west of Panky island in Visas of the Philippines. It is the most popular beach in the country’s the most visited tourist spot in the Philippines. A peaceful atmosphere – though’ fairly busy- and friendly locals. The sand is remarkably white, soft Banana Rice Terraces The Philippines has been visited by countless tourists from different countries due to the various tourist spots that are absolutely stunning. One of those places which have captured the eyes of many foreigners is the Banana Rice Terraces. In fact, this spot has been considered as the eighth wonder of the world. Campaign island One is simply at a loss for words to describe this lovely island which the tourists end caringly call â€Å"The Island of your Imagination†. Campaign is said to be the country’s most peaceful island-paradise Campaign island is a one of an island that popular to visit the tourist and vacationers because of the unique wonderful nature and beauty, and so many beautiful places or hot spots that you enjoy or explore and Filipino students are so polite and hospitality to the tourist, many exotic food and delicious food you can avail, so we start to introduce to you a beautiful places resides in campaign. Sabbath Island The province of Batons is at the top most of the Philippine archipelago and it is the entrance of most storms in our country. No traffic, fresh air, full of culture and friendly people. You would be greeted by the locals with a refreshing good morning when you meet them on the street. The place is a bit backward which makes it more inviting especially for people from the urban Manila. It seems that everyone knows everybody. The expensive airfare makes it difficult for a local tourist to visit the place often. Corridor Island If you’re a fan of war movies or military equipment, you will enjoy Corridor. Though heavily bombed during WI, the island still has some of its artillery standing The whole island is too big to be explored on foot – a new tour, though, aims to explore the sites around the parade grounds and part of Middlesex. But there’s more to Corridor than Just the past. The island also has forest trails, a Jungle survival camp, bird watching opportunities, scenic boat rides, and even a beach. End your Corridor trip in a relaxing way. How to cite Autobiography in psychology, Papers

Professional Practice and Cultural Safety- MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theProfessional Practice and Cultural Safety. Answer: Introduction Diabetes is a complicated chronic illness that requires continuous critical medical attention and care .Some of the intervention strategies for diabetic patients revolve around a series of multi-factorial awareness and risk education strategies that extend beyond just glucose control. According to American Diabetes Association: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes2017, ongoing patient self-management and other additional care, support and education are very critical in prevention of the risks of acute complications associated with diabetes and reduction of occurrence of other long-term complications. These elements therefore highlight the need and the critical significance of person-centered care for diabetic patients. The world Health organization recognizes that this approach of person-centered care system is a remarkable concept through which provision of care and management services can be extended to incorporate not only the health and wellbeing of an individual but also that o f the entire family (Sperry, 2010). This paper therefore discusses diabetes as one of the major health concern and priority for Australian government and the healthcare system and the implications of person-centered healthcare practices and principles in relation to Australian healthcare principles and their impact on diabetic patients and families with diabetic patients. According to the Australian Government and the Australian institute of health and welfare, 1 in every 17 Australian adults; approximately 1.2 million people had diabetes in in 2014-2015. Further analysis reveals that there were approximately one million hospitalizations associated with diabetes diagnosis and that 1 in every 10 Australian deaths had diabetes as an underlying or associated cause of death. The Australian national health survey statistics indicate that the rate of diabetes tends to increase with age. The highest prevalence rates for diabetes recorded were from People who are 85 years and over. Men reported slightly higher rates of diabetes than women. According to the survey, prevalence rates for diabetes are twice in indigenous (Aboriginal and the strait islands people) compared to non-indigenous Australians (AIWH 2016). There are various elements that influence these statistical outcomes and the disparities in prevalence rates. Some of these elements include social, ec onomic and political forces that impact either positively or negatively, the lives of diabetes patients and their respective families (Borus, 2013). According to Adler Newman, social and economic status underlines the significant determinants of health that is, HealthCare quality, environmental behavior, and health behavior. Therefore Socio-economic status whether assessed by determining the level of income, occupation or education, is directly is directly linked to diabetes which is one of the outlining health complications in Australia. This implies that disparities in levels of income, as well as education, have had a compounding effect on the development, diagnosis, and management of diabetes for the low-income earners in Australia (Abouzeid, Philpot, Janus, Coates, Dunbar, 2013). The surveys were done by the Australian bureau of statistics, diabetes prevalence rate is almost 3 times in high in the lower social, economic group as compared to the highest socio-economic class. Even the rates of deaths and hospitalizations of the lower socio-economic group are two times higher (ABS 2015). This is because of people in the lower economic class experience hard economic and living conditions which cumulatively result in s of weak physical and mental health; the predisposing factors for diabetes (Cryer, 1995). Due to their low-income status, diabetic patients in the lower socio-economic class receive insufficient, low quality and sometimes inappropriate healthcare services resulting in late detection and diagnosis and management. The treatment and care requirements of diabetes have significant effects on the occupation of the patients since they are continuously forced to leave work for various health reasons. The cost of diabetes management is significantly high especially for the poor in Australia. According to (Elrayah-Eliadarous et al., 2017), life expectancy for the lower socio-economic class is relatively low. This is because low income earning contributes to a wider array of factors such as unhealthy and unbalanced eating lifestyle and diet, lack of proper physical activity and mental stability. These are compounded by stress and unrest due to lack of job security and stability. The majority in the low socio-economic group does not have proper education and therefore are not able to secure stable and reliable jobs. This lack of proper education implies that very few people in this group are able to identify and report early symptoms of diabetes which are very crucial for early diagnosis and onset of treatment and management. Exposure to differential living and working environment amongst poor people results in differential vulnerabilities to adverse health outcomes such as diabetes(Goldman, Smith, 2002).Goldman and Smith in their findings explain that those in the lower education group (illiterates and school dropouts) face a triple threat of diabetes. This is because they make up the majority of people with considerably higher chances of being undiagnosed and treated for diabetic conditions. They further describe that even when the diagnosis is made, uneducated diabetic patients have considerable difficulties in maintaining continuous proper self-management of the condition. The management process involves a series of complex but effective treatment procedures which are important in order to reduce the chances of the negative health consequences associated with diabetes. From these findings, it is evident that poverty directly links the relationship between the high diabetes prevalence rates, morbidity and mortality rates among the lower socio-economic groups in Australia. It is imperative to note that although the link between poverty and diabetes is clear, the dynamics and mechanisms responsible for these outcomes are not clearly ascertained and understood. Therefore there is additional need for the Australian government to formulate policy remedies that can eliminate or significantly reduce the gaping disparities in health and healthcare outcomes in relation to chronic conditions such as diabetes. Education is perhaps one of the most basic and immediate elements that need to be addressed to reduce these disparities for the long-term in upcoming generations. This is relevant because education makes up the fundamental tool that shapes an individuals future occupational opportunities and earning potential. It imparts essential life skills that enable individuals to access information and resources that are essential for promoting good health and healthy living conditions (Sulliva n, Joseph, 1998). Diabetes has not only direct physical impact on patients but also their immediate families and relations. There are several elements of struggle associated with diabetic patients as well as families with members who are diabetic patients. Some of these elements include emotional distress and mental struggles. Berry et al. acknowledge that mental and emotional distress is some of the immediate responses individual experiences after diagnosis with a chronic condition. After diagnosis, the immediate demands for significant changes in lifestyle as well as the irreversible medical demands for diabetes management contributes to the psychological distress experienced by most individuals and families. Other elements such as an individuals perception of support and protection significantly contribute to elevated levels of distress. According to Barry et al., diabetes aside from affecting an individuals physical health also impacts on their mental wellbeing. This is because, for the largest ma jority of families and individuals, a positive diagnosis for diabetes means taking up demanding subsets of additional responsibilities, planning, and self-monitoring. These are considered critical for continuous effective management of diabetes and thus necessitate a remarkable readjustment of daily life which according to Barry et al., can be physical, emotionally and psychologically draining. The effects eventually permeate throughout an individuals social and economic environment (Bery et al., 2015).Some of the objective enshrined in the principles of person-centered care for diabetics include continued encouragement, support and empowerment of families and diabetic patients to actively engage in self-care plans as much as possible ("American Diabetes Association: Standards Of Medical Care In Diabetes2017", 2017). Diabetes has numerous challenging aspects that must be met and adhered to. These include continuous glucose checks and insulin administration, dieting, exercises and other elements needed for proper self-care. Meeting most of these demands on a daily basis can be daunting even for the most supportive and motivated patients and families (Borus 2013).In most cases of adolescent diabetics, most of these demands prove to be too burdensome, and as a result, most of the teens struggle with the implications of their diabetic status. Borus further supports that greater numbers of teens with diabetes suffer from chronic depression and other psychological struggles, A good example if how the implications of chronic conditions such as diabetes and the related struggles can be drawn from the case example of the Spackman family in Queensland, which experiences lifestyle change struggles and diabetes. The lifestyle behaviors depicted in the article are entirely contrary to the core principles of p erson-centered care. Every individual shares in the responsibility for health and the success of the healthcare provision. Whichever choices each individual makes about his or her lifestyle and other personal risk behaviors directly impacts their health risks and outcomes. Healthcare professionals are mandated to provide clear communication and guidance about the underlying implications of a positive diabetes diagnosis including the choices available for treatment and management. However, this can only work if every patient takes an active role in taking responsibility for managing their own health (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW), 2007). The Australian healthcare system is a multifaceted web of public and private healthcare providers. These contribute significantly towards primary healthcare provision, emergency services; hospital-based treatment as well as palliative care for diabetes patients. The government recognizes that diabetes is a chronic condition that requires series of various healthcare services in order to control and manage and therefore the healthcare system is modeled to include most of these services. There are various options available for treatment and management of diabetes in Australia including services aimed at controlling blood sugar, blood pressure, blood lipid levels as well as reducing the symptoms and the associated risks of complication development. The principles for Australian Health system contain guidelines that are tailored to foster and enhance the quality of life for all its citizens. The initial contact point for people with diabetes are usually the general medical practitioners who help with the regular monitoring of patients weight changes, blood levels, and their general health status. The practitioners only refer the patients to another specialist when complications associated with diabetes develop. As such, the government in collaboration with other healthcare sectors and providers have formulated and implemented initiatives for public awareness campaigns highlighting the importance of early detection and diagnosis of diabetes and management. There are also support structures in place to ensure that continuous research is done in diabetes and other related chronic illnesses as well as maintain continuous monitoring and surveillance measures (Australian Department of Health 2015). According to the Australian department of health, there are various programs in place for the support treatment and management of diabetes. These include Medicare benefits schedule which subsidizes the cost of patient care and Medicare items necessary for planning and management of chronic conditions such as diabetes; There is also the comprehensive pharmaceutical benefits scheme which continually provides subsidies for medicines used in treatment and management of diabetes. The new Australian National Diabetics strategy 2016-2022 is aimed at directing how existing resources are coordinated and prioritized in response to diabetes through an emphasis on prevention, early diagnosis, interventions, treatment and management (Australian Department of Health 2015). The Australian commission on safety and quality in healthcare defines person-centered care as a patient-centered care that is respectful of and responsive to the individual patient's values, needs, and preferences. The values and principles underlining the Australian healthcare system are in line with cultural and person-centered care principles. The principle of Support for a more comprehensive healthcare system acknowledges that people have a multiplicity of different health needs and these vary and change based on certain elements. Therefore, there is a need for a healthcare system that encompasses all that. The aims of person-centered care system are to achieve and sustain optimal well-being by supporting and encouraging diabetic patients to actively and continuously manage their health condition in the context of their life and lifestyle and in accordance with their values and preferences (Johanson 2015). Patient-centered care should encompass consultations which include assessm ent of clinical signs and symptoms taking into consideration their fears, thoughts, experiences and expectations as well as their socio-cultural values. This way a proper management plan can be formulated and tailor-made to specifically meet each particular patients needs (Maclimans et al. 2011). In conclusion, it is recommendable that the Australian Government has made significant progress in the fight against diabetes. The current healthcare system is considerable especially since it outlines the need for maintenance of high ethical standards that ensures the dignity of every patient is preserved without compromise on the quality of healthcare accorded. From the survey statistics, there is still much to be done in order to level the disparities n diabetes cases among various communities and socio-economic groups. There is also need for the measure and a continued awareness campaigns to enlighten the public on the risks and the predisposing factors for diabetes. Even though patient-centered care is appropriate, there are challenges such as lack of a controllable environment for the diabetes patients hence escalated risks of developing complications due to poor or lack of proper personal management at home. More research needs to be done on other additional healthcare quality improvement needs and better ways to prevent, manage or treat chronic conditions such as diabetes. References American Diabetes Association: Standards Of Medical Care In Diabetes2017. (2017). Diabetes Care The Journal Of Clinical And Applied Research And Education, VOLUME 40(Supplement 1), 51-128. Adler, N., Newman, K. (2002). Socioeconomic Disparities In Health: Pathways And Policies. Health Affairs, 21(2), 60-76. https://dx.doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.21.2.60 Abouzeid, M., Philpot, B., Janus, E., Coates, M., Dunbar, J. (2013). Type 2 diabetes prevalence varies by socio-economic status within and between migrant groups: analysis and implications for Australia. BMC Public Health, 13(1). https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-252 ABS 2015. National Health Survey: first results, 201415Australia. ABS cat. no. 4364.0. Canberra: ABS. Australian Department of Health 2015 Diabetes. Viewed 23 May 2017,https://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/chronic-diabetes AIHW 2016a. Diabetes. Viewed 22 May 2017, https://www.aihw.gov.au/ diabetes/ Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) 2007. Older Australia at a glance: 4th edition. Cat. no. AGE 52. Canberra: AIHW. Berry, E., Lockhart, S., Davies, M., Lindsay, J., Dempster, M. (2015). Diabetes distress: understanding the hidden struggles of living with diabetes and exploring intervention strategies. Postgraduate Medical Journal, 91(1075), 278-283. https://dx.doi.org/10.1136/postgradmedj-2014-133017 Borus, J. (2013). Improving Adherence Among Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes. Journal Of Adolescent Health, 52(1), 2-3. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.10.268 Cryer, P. (1995). Diabetes, Diabetes, and the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes, 44(12), 1351-1354. https://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diab.44.12.1351 Elrayah-Eliadarous, H., stenson, C., Eltom, M., Johansson, P., Sparring, V., Wahlstrm, R. (2017). Economic and social impact of diabetes mellitus in a low-income country: A case-control study in Sudan. Journal Of Diabetes. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1753-0407.12540 Goldman, D., Smith, J. (2002). Can patient self-management help explain the SES health gradient?. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences, 99(16), 10929-10934. https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.162086599 Johansson, U. (2015). The Education and Integrated Care Stream. Defining roles and improving outcomes in person-centred care. Diabetes Research And Clinical Practice, 109(1), 213-214. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2015.05.045 McClimans, L., Dunn, M., Slowther, A. (2011). Health policy, patient-centred care and clinical ethics. Journal Of Evaluation In Clinical Practice, 17(5), 913-919. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2753.2011.01726.x Sperry, L. (2010). Treating Diabetes With Severe Personality-Disordered Individuals and Families. The Family Journal, 18(4), 438-442. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1066480710372908 Sullivan, E., Joseph, D. (1998). Struggling With Behavior Changes: A Special Case for Clients With Diabetes. The Diabetes Educator, 24(1), 72-77. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014572179802400110

John Steinbeck Essays - Dust Bowl, John Steinbeck,

John Steinbeck John Steinbeck, a 20th century novelist, was the recipient of numerous awards including the Nobel Prize. Steinbeck, a conservative that valued the old America, could produce pages of beauty followed by pages of sheer trash writing using specific characteristics, which his work is characterized by. John Steinbeck's work is characterized by symbolism and allegory, which can be seen in his novels The Pearl, The Grapes ofWrath, and his short story ?Flight.? In his short story, "Flight," John Steinbeck uses many examples of symbolism, which is one way you can characterize John Steinbecks' work. Symbolism can be a person, place, or thing used to portray something beyond itself. The most repeatedly used symbol in ?Flight? is the color black. In literature many authors use the color black to represent death. In his short story, ?Flight,? Steinbeck has numerous examples of color symbolism. A few examples are the black handle on the long blade, Pepe's black hair, and the black jerky. Another example may be found when Pep? puts on his fathers black coat, which represents death. When Pep? puts on the coat he is literally covering himself with death. Another fine example is the trail in which Pep? travels. Steinbeck describes the path as a well-worn black path. By traveling on this path he is in fact taking the road of death. Furthermore Pep?'s appearance also helps foreshadow the ending. Steinbeck describes him as having a black hat that covers his black thatched hair. Pep? is also described as being dark, lean and tall. Another example is Pep?'s shack. The shack is described as weathered and very old. It casts a rather large shadow to the Northeast. The darkness of the shadow symbolizes death in the home. As we can readily see, the authors use of black symbolism in the story tells us that the main character, Pep?, is impending death (pg. 225). Another form of symbolism that Steinbeck utilizes, which is also in ?Flight,? is nature symbolism. Throughout the story he uses nature to symbolize a variety of things. An example of nature symbolism is water, which is used to represent life. Some examples in the short story ?Flight? are Pepes' water bag that he hung over his horses' shoulder, which began to leak, symbolizing Pepes' life leaking away. Another example is when Pepe was traveling he started out close to the river and got further and further away as he traveled, symbolizing getting further away from life (pg. 225). Direction is another symbol Steinbeck uses, which is in ?Flight? as well. In ?Flight? direction is used to symbolize positive and pejorative effects. North and East are generally "good" directions. Many people feel this came about when the early man saw the sun rise in the East. On the contrary, the directions South and West are generally "bad" directions. Basically this is because the sun sets in the West. The direction up, which is also the way to heaven is generally "good," while down, the direction of hell, is considered to be "bad." An example of this form of symbolism can be found when Pepe is returning home. Pepe looks at his "weathered little shack" and notices the shadow. The shadow is heading in the direction Northeast. Even though the directions North and east are "good," the fact that the shadow is there turns them "bad." This means that evil is winning over goodness. So, whichever direction Pepe turns to he will fall into evil. Another fine example is when Pepe watches t he sun set in the West. The sun, which is the bringer of all life, is moving towards evil. That means it will be dark out and Pepe's death is soon to come. Steinbeck further uses this symbolism while describing the tops of the trees on the mountain. The tops of the trees were wind-bitten and dead. This symbolizes that the further Pepe travels up the mountain the closer he is to his inevitable death. As shown above, direction is another very important aspect of symbolism. Direction is just another of the many ways John Steinbeck accomplishes his foreshadowing of the ending of his story (pg. 225). As we can clearly see, John Steinbeck has used many techniques and examples of symbolism

Desire & Death in Death in Venice essays

Desire & Death in Death in Venice essays Death and desire are two of the most extreme feelings that can be felt by humans. Death and desire lie at the two opposite sides of emotions. Death, being the end of life, a feeling of fear and the final step, of going towards meeting the lord again. Whereas, desire is one of the most sensual feelings, where the person believes everything in the world revolves around the person they desire, the person will be ready to make all sacrifices just to be next to his love. Conflicts arise when death and desire are together and a decision has to be made. Human beings are immortal; they all have to die, but the feeling of opting for death instead of life so as to be just close to the love can be enduing and the ultimate sacrifice for the Many theories and philosophers have given various theories to explain the phenomenon and the feelings of "Desire". Judith Butler has stated one of these theories in her book, "Gender Troubles". Her essay related to genders and feminism, she believes that there are no two different sexes, instead there are two genders, and the differences lay in their productivity other then that, both the sexes are the same. She believes characterizing one Judith Butler is a Professor of Comparative Literature and is well known as a theorist of power, gender, sexuality and identity. In her most influential book "Gender Trouble" (1990), Butler argued that feminism had made a mistake by trying to declare that 'women' were a group with common characteristics and interests. According to, Butler that approach, performed an ignorant directive and redirection of gender relations i.e. reinforcing a twofold view of gender relations in which human beings are divided into two clear-cut groups, women and men. Instead of opening up possibilities for a person to structure and decide their own individ...

Modelling and Simulation of engineering systems Essay

Modelling and Simulation of engineering systems - Essay Example The main advantage of SIMULINK over other programming softwares is that, instead of compilation of program code, the simulation model is built up systematically by means of basic function blocks. Through a convenient graphical user interface (GUI), the function blocks can be created, linked and edited easily using menu commands, the keyboard and an appropriate pointing device (such as the mouse). A set of machine differential equations can thus be modelled by interconnection of appropriate function blocks, each of which performing a specific mathematical operation. Programming efforts are drastically reduced and the debugging of errors is easy. Since SIMULINK is a model operation programmer, the simulation model can be easily developed by addition of new sub-models to cater for various control functions. As a sub-model the induction motor could be incorporated in a complete electric motor drive system (Wade 495-505; Shi 231-235). A generalized dynamic model of the induction motor consists of an electrical sub-model to implement the three-phase to two-axis transformation of stator voltage and current calculation, a torque sub-model to calculate the developed electromagnetic torque, and a mechanical sub-model to yield the rotor speed. In addition, a stator current output sub-model is needed for calculating the voltage drop across the supply cables. Multiple line equation(s) cannot be represented in ASCII text... ASCII text where Vas, Vbs, and Vcs are the three-phase stator voltages, while Vds and Vqs are the two-axis components of the stator voltage vector Vs. Torque sub-model of induction motor In the two-axis stator reference frame, the electromagnetic T is given by:T = PLm/3(idriqs - iqrids) Mechanical sub-model of induction motor From the torque balance equations and neglecting viscous friction, the rotor speed omega0 may be obtained as follows: Multiple line equation(s) cannot be represented in ASCII text where J is the moment of inertia of the rotor and load and TL is the load torque. Stator current output sub-model The stator current output sub-model is used to calculate the stator current amplitude according to the following equation:|is| = 2/3 square root of (ie, sub ds)2 + (ie, sub qs)2 A SIMULINK Fcn' block is used to implement the above equation. Simulation System Of Induction Motor The complete simulation system of the induction motor includes the induction motor model in a power supply sub-model. Power supply sub-model The voltage supply block consists of a three-phase sinusoidal voltage generator and a terminal-voltage calculation block which accounts for the voltage drop in the supply cable. Simulation Results The induction motor chosen for the simulation studies has the following parameters: Type: three-phase, 7.5 kW, 6-pole, wye-connected, squirrel-cage induction motorRs = 0.288 OMEGA/ph Rr = 0.158 OMEGA/ph Ls = 0.0425 OMEGA/ph Lm = 0.0412 OMEGA/ph Lr = 0.0418 OMEGA/ph J = 0.4 kg m2 JL = 0.4 kg m2 To illustrate the transient operation of the induction motor, a simulation study of direct-on-line starting is demonstrated. At t = 0, the motor, previously

Comparison of training and development programs implemented in Research Proposal

Comparison of training and development programs implemented in National Oil Corporation & Arabian Gulf Oil Company for the fresh graduate nationals - Research Proposal Example The research is intended to be a qualitative one that will answer the research question based on focused group interviews with the respondents. The answers obtained from the primary research will be compared and contrasted with the previous research work of other researchers to improve the validity of the results. This research will be helpful for both the oil and gas companies of Libya by allowing them to understand the effectiveness of the training programs in terms of improving performance of the employees. Broadly speaking all the companies of the energy sector in Libya can benefit from this research. Human resource challenge remains one of the most pertinent challenges faced by developing countries and hinders their progress and growth relative to developed countries. Researchers have pointed out that the industrial sector of the developing countries is characterized by lower levels of productivity and efficiency compared to the developing countries. The works of Agnaia (1996) had revealed that developing countries are in extreme need of training and development programs of management. Training and development programs help in improving the skills and knowledge of employees and enhance their productivity levels. This paper deals with two major oil corporations of Libya. The National Oil Corporation is a part of oil and gas industry and is an oil company of Libya. The oil industry of Libya is dominated by this company and even along with its small subsidiaries accounts for almost 70% of the total oil production of the company. The company recruits qualified and bright candidates to form a part of their executive cadre (Inkpen and Moffett, 2011). The Arabian Gulf Oil Company is another company in the oil and gas industry which have their operations in Benghazi, Libya. The company mainly deals with natural gas and crude oil. The operations they include are production, exploration and refining. It is a subsidiary of the

Health Research Methodology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Health Research Methodology - Essay Example I note that the University reserves the right to check my assignment for plagiarism. Should the reproduction of all or part of an assignment be required by the University for any purpose other than those mentioned above, appropriate authorisation will be sought from me on the relevant form. OFFICE USE ONLY If handing in an assignment in a paper or other physical form, sign here to indicate that you have read this form, filled it in completely and that you certify as above. Signature XINTONG?HAN Date 28/04/2011 OR, if submitting this paper electronically as per instructions for the unit, place an ‘X’ in the box below to indicate that you have read this form and filled it in completely and that you certify as above. Please include this page in/with your submission. Any electronic responses to this submission will be sent to your ECU email address. Agreement XINTONG?HAN Date 28/04/2011 PROCEDURES AND PENALTIES ON LATE ASSIGNMENTS (University Rule 39) ? A student who wishes to defer the submission of an assignment must apply to the lecturer in charge of the relevant unit or course for an extension of the time within which to submit the assignment. (39.1) ? Where an extension is sought for the submission of an assignment the application must : bein writing - preferably before the due date; and set out the grounds on which deferral is sought.( see39.2) ? Assignments submitted after the normal or extended date without approval shall incur a penalty of loss of marks. (see 39.5) ACADEMIC MISCONDUCT (University Rule 40) All forms of cheating, plagiarism or collusion are regarded seriously and could result in penalties including loss of marks, exclusion from the unit or cancellation of enrolment. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ASSIGNMENT RECEIPT To be completed by the student if the receipt is required UNIT  NAME OF STUDENT  STUDENT ID. NO.  NAME OF LECTURER  RECEIVED BY Topic of assignment  DATE RECEIVED The Effects of Parents and Childhood Obesity Introduction With the development of the economy, the number of overweight and obesity children are increasing dramatically in many countries (Schmidt, p. 3, 2008), and this is becoming an important health issue of children (Schmidt, p. 3, 2008). In the past ten years, the number of overweight and obese children has actually tripled, especially in developed countries (Lobstein & Rrelu, 2003, p. 195). In Australia, twenty percent of children are overweight (Wake et al., 2007, p.1044). Population data shows the amount of overweight children increased dramatically, and that this increase has even been seen among four-year old children (Vaska, 2004, p.353). The above concerns are significant concerns because childhood obesity can lead to many diseases, such as diabetes, hi gh blood pressure. It is a disease which is linked with various activities including increased screen time, lack of enough physical activities, and the increase in fast food consumption. Parents have a crucial role in the childhood obesity phenomenon. After all, they supply children with food resource; and

Master Bill Software: Advantages and Disadvantages

Master Bill Software: Advantages and Disadvantages Definition of Master Bill Software Introduction The surrounding environment construction industry has changed a lot in the past ten years. They are looking for new ways to compete effectively. Enterprise one of the key factors in success is the ability to quickly adapt to changing environmental conditions, continuous innovation, achieves the goal. Organizational knowledge provides this functionality. More specifically, the knowledge of the organization to provide the ability to understand markets and evaluate customer demand, and put them into products and services by integrating various resources organization. When we move from the industrial age into the era of intelligence, knowledge has become the companys core competitive success. The importance of organizational knowledge and the role it increase in km, choose appropriate different km strategy is crucial. IN the process of project management, it is widely used. Construction is slow; however, admit it as a major tool of benefits beyond communication. Transfer of knowledge and information across projects for the construction industry is a major challenge. Most of the work is based on the project construction, as short-term and task oriented, promote culture, continuous learning is suppressed. Subsequently, experts and technical knowledge can be lost from one project to another place.(2000), and it can assist the project team between the transfer of knowledge and information, make the development of new knowledge innovation. Master bill software Was established in 1981, the number from the practice of investigation, a Master bill always set construction software should be a judgment standard. Since our first microcomputer BQ system, by introducing the worlds first truly Windows 32-bit BQ system in 1997, and a complete e Tendering solution development in 2001, Master bill always tried to transcend products and contains the entire solutions. Master bill in recent years has become the market based on the evaluation, to make our customer service quantity measurement and construction company, which in turn led to the development including CAD survey, combined with field measurement and modeling work. 2005 of Master bill again have the opportunity to go beyond product launch Master bill elite to provide complete solution through the planning and the feasibility of the BQ production cost final account in a product with a database. A is the most popular products and Master bill after. Master bill after complete BQ production system, the function is all ready, including pricing, cost analysis and bid on more routine.Masterbill3 use project structure; Part I), 2) element, iii) reference iv) cost code; The classification results with complete bill in almost any sequence. Project structure is usually based on the start of the project list, although can be revised later. Create the dimension is assigned to a reference, part of the elements and the cost code combination (dim store) using drop from measuring the window list Masterbill3 allows users to store 15 sets of bidding rate may be as a percentage of the unit, lump, PC, including, rule out, star rates or rate†. Price matching characteristics also provides the opportunity to choose another gentle before a project using the current estimated as the basis of pricing. Once the definition and standard of BQ pricing through cost analysis can be immediately available, when there are multiple tender bidding more routine. Masterbill3 compatible is not only a reference but also includes all of the tools allow the user to make full use of Master bill XML e Tendering standards include track and distribution of soft amendment. Explain the procedure on â€Å"how to use Master Bill† software. Master bill is a complete BQ Production System with fully feathered and including Pricing, Cost Analysis and Tender Comparison routines. Master bill uses as Project Structure which is combined together with full categories results in the function to produce bill of quantities in a series of sequence. Parts, Elements, Reference and Cost Codes are included in the Project Structure. Project Structure should be set up at the beginning of a project using the lists existed and it can be corrected later. In the Master bill software, time sings, side casts, sub-totals, deductions and signposting or annotations are the benefits in order to allow the user to use the traditional dim sheet to enter all the dimensions and information. In this software, there is a function that used to dynamically link dimensions by ‘adding on’ and ‘key dimensions’. Since the dimension is dynamically linked, if any correction to the original dimension will be automatically be connected in any dimensions linked on it. Master bill software also provides an effective dim management function. The function of dim management can allow the user to reprocess the data in several ways. For example, copy and paste within the project, copy and paste from others project, apply multiplication factor and set all quantities to become zero. In the measurement process, Master bill software enables the user to form Bill of Quantities on it. In generating a bill of quantities the user can fixed in some part in BQ. For example, The sequence of Bill of Quantities The user can choose the sequences available in the software to allow the bill of quantities to be arranged to suit the specific requirements. The selection of measurement The user can select the component of measurement, such as Parts, Cost codes, Elements and others. Layout The layout of bill of quantities can be decided by the user by adding the header, footer, page number, column widths and so on. Master bill software also provide a flexible editing function, for example, by double clicking on bill of quantities item to see its abstract from here the users can select and jump to an indivual dimension sheet for amendment or choose multiple dim sheet to correct their description respectively. Master bill software enables the user to save up to 15 sets of tender rates which including as lumps ums, PC sums, star rates, unit rates and other pricing analysis facilities. The function of ‘Matching Price’ function also offers the opportunity to choose and alternative tender on a former project to use as a reference for pricing the current estimation. Since the bill of quantities is priced user-defined and standard BCIS cost analysis could be obtained properly and when more than one tender is exist tender comparison steps into composition. Advantages and disadvantages of using Master Bill Advantages Consignee does not need to wait or give up in order securing the release of the original, because if this is a bill, it is so, so the goods are released directly. The shipper can save delivery or postage fees, because he can send a copy of the express bill through electronic means The most useful group company office in pol and pod and trust business partner. Save the bill of lading stationery. Disadvantages It is not the transfer of the bank or other institution cant change my money. Its just a receipt of the goods. Release without security as an original bill of lading and there may be a fraud From the point of view of liner, entertainment agent does not need to look for any original bill or wait for any document in order to release the goods, this can be problematic in some cases, if any reason to stop release loading port Justify other software to be used by QS in preparing a Bills of Quantities (BQ) Build soft Modeling of the global estimation is commercial software construction and construction. It produces the bill of quantity or detailed cost estimate and plan. Commercial building contractors and it is the main purpose of surveyors, the software success around the world, and constantly improve and upgrade, usually the customer requests and Suggestions. Initial estimates can be used in its original form or divided into group is more suitable. Estimate the potential of the subcontractor, can be sent to all the necessary reference and quantity. The subcontractor can even publish and build software price items. Subcontractor electronic item price is the purpose of reducing the time required to enter the information the main contractors computer. It also eliminates the input errors caused by the possibility of error. Revised at the end of the process, estimate the total available. Each group the difference between the original and revised group always always displayed in the column of add or omit leadership. Management can review to compare and measure the effect of any changes; they may want to let the subcontractor construction project group, or method. This is an important part of evaluation and management of a function. Build with soft software provides a clear analysis and comparison, can be combined with the assessment team skills and experience, to speed up the job winning submissions, will create the largest profit. CATO Suite Causeway technology was established in 1998 for the whole of the clients with a series of software products and services competitive. This is a fast growing organization currently use in the region of 200 people, the construction industry is the leading software developers. From feasibility to the final accounts, cost management faces are more stringent than any time before a deadline, to provide accurate cost information. Cato suite development closely involved in vocational and professional QS provides powerful support. Cato the introduction of the enterprise is an opportunity to implement the step change in their business processes to provide staff with effective QS desktop.BQ and cost plan created in a controlled environment can rely on and provide information for building a database for future projects and important report in a consistent manor production for the customer. Project Cost Control Cost control at the beginning of the inception, show that in guiding price or cost need phase when a price estimate is an early by the contractor in preparation and bidding process through the completion of project final account and agreement. The architect or engineer will need to consider alternative solutions, meet customer at different stages of the design of the overall goals and objectives. Recommended construction technicians will provide cost comparison of design scheme using alternative materials, also suggested that the design form and the influence of the purchasing cost. Cost control is not stay in the bidding stage, but the last final account and the agreement of the final certificate. Therefore, cash flow estimation software makes the construction technician records and accurate and faster calculation date drivers. It also provides a better supervision and construction process. References http://www.pck.com.my/site/download/buildsoftbrochure.pdf http://www.ukessays.com/essays/information-technology/features-of-measurement-software-in-construction-industry-information-technology-essay.php http://shippingandfreightresource.com/how-does-an-express-bill-work-and-what-are-its-advantages-and-disadvantages/ http://integratedinformationinconstruction.blogspot.com/2009/11/masterbill-software-for-quantity.html

WHITE BLOOD CELLS Essay -- essays research papers fc

White Blood Cells Bacteria exist everywhere in the environment and have continuous access to the body through the mouth, nose and pores of skin. Further more, many cells age and die daily and their remains must be removed, this is where the white blood cell plays its role.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  According to this quotation, without white blood cells, also known as leukocytes, we would not be able to survive. White blood cells are our body’s number one defense against infections. They help keep us clean from foreign bacteria that enter our bodies. Statistics show that there are five to ten thousand white blood cells per micro liter of blood, however this number will increase during an illness. White blood cells can differ in many ways, such as, size, shape and staining traits. There are five different kinds of white blood cells that fall into two separate categories. One category is called, granular leukocytes, and the other is called agranular white cells.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are three different types of granular leukocytes. Neutrophil is a phagocyte, produced in the bone marrow that ingests and destroys bacteria extremely fast. Neutrophil has a diameter, which is, about ten to twelve micrometers long. They make up about 60-70 percent of the total number of white blood cells in our body. Eosinphil is a type of white blood cell that secretes poisonous materials in order to kill parasites, allergies and phagocytosis of bacteria, which is when the...

Methodology (Research Design or Methodology of the Study) Essay

This chapter contains the discussion of the research design, the locale of the study, the respondents of the study, research instruments and validation of instruments, research procedure and statistical treatment of the data used in the study. Research Design The descriptive method of research will be use in this study withthe questionnaire as the main tool in gathering the needed data. Also use to obtain information concerning the current status of the phenomena to describe â€Å"what exists† with respect to variables or conditions in a situation. On the other hand, the descriptive research design is scientific methods which involve observing and describing the behavior of subject without influencing it in any way. A grade point average is descriptive statistic that summarizes progress during student’s academic tenure. It is conducted for a number of reasons. The methods involved range from the survey which describes the status quo and deals with everything that can be counted and studied to justify the validity of the research study that is beneficial to the company, schools and future researcher. The method revealed the personal background of the company and the status of the system, as well as certain perceptions of the type of system, how the present system works, as well as certain files and the common problem encountered in using their present system. Descriptive studies are done as the first step in a research investigation in order to find more information on a given topic to generate hypothesis. Statistically, the researchers made use of the z-test to determine whether the types of inventory they will have, has a great effect on their operational period. Z-test assesses if the hypothesis being stated will be rejected or not. Among to 33 small sized licensed drugstore in the town of San Pedro Laguna. Sources of Data The researchers utilized the empirical or direct data to attain the objectives of the study, which are gathered from three parts of questionnaires: The first part of the questionnaires contains four questions regarding on what inventory system the entity have, common problem that they face and how they refill their stock.   The second part contains six questions with regards to: if they encounter any problems regarding on preparation of inventory, if they experience hard to do it, if they experience delay on receiving new batches of drugs that they ordered, what types of payment they preferred and are they willing to adopt new system/strategy to be use in preparing inventory system. The third part contains nine statements with regards to evaluation on inventory system. The respondents will be asked to rate several items. Each item will be decided based on the following legend: (5) Strongly Agree, (4) Agree, (3) Neutral, (2) Disagree and (1) for Strongly Disagree Respondents of the Study The respondents of this research includes licensed small sized pharmacies in the town of San Pedro Laguna. Determination of sample size The population size is 36, the researcher get the sample size in order to find out how many respondents they will going to ask. Here is the formula: n = N/1+Ne^2 Where: N = Population size n = Sample size e = Margin of error Margin of error is 5% this percentage is an allowance for non-precision since a sample is used instead of a population. This formula is one of the easiest to follow and most convenient to use in determining the sample size. Computation: n = 36/1+36(.05)^2 n =36/1+36(.0025) n=36/1.09 n=33 Table 3.1 Registered List of Pharmacies in San Pedro, Laguna Small Sized Pharmacy in San Pedro Laguna| Population of small sized Pharmacy| Percentage%| Calendola| 2| 6%| Camella Homes Woodhills Subdivison| 2| 6%| Chrysanthemum| 1| 2.78%| Langgam| 3| 8%| Landayan| 3| 8%| Narra| 3| 8%| Nueva| 6| 16%| Pacita| 4| 11%| Poblacion| 2| 6%| Purok 3| 1| 2.78%| Sampaguita| 1| 2.78%| San Antonio| 5| 14%| Sitio Bukid Riverside| 1| 2.78%| Sto. Nino| 1| 2.78%| United Bayanihan| 1| 2.78%| Total| 36| 100%| Research Instruments Since this research is design to find out if there is an effect of manual inventory system in small sized pharmacy in dealing with in its operation. The researcher used the questionnaire survey method. A questionnaire is/are search instrument consisting of a series of question and other prompts for the purpose of gathering from respondents. The steps required to design and admi nister a questionnaire include: 1. Defining the objective of survey2. Determining the sampling group 3. Writing the questionnaire 4. Administering the questionnaire 5. Interpretation of the Results Validation of Instruments It is necessary to validate questionnaires. It is underwent validation by floating them to group of persons. The research questionnaire underwent validation with the help of our Research Adviser. Research Procedure The researcher have ask permission from the owner of the entity before gathering data and information needed in the research regarding the operation of the business and the problems encountered in their current system through a proposal letter and permission to conduct interviews. Statistical Treatment of Data The researchers will use frequency, weighted mean and percentage in analysis and interpretation of data gathering. After which, to check hypothesis the researchers will use Hypothesis Testing (Z-test) formula is show below: Percentage(%) this is use for the presentation demographic profile of the respondents. To get percentage, this equation is used as %=f/nx100 Where: % = Percentage f = frequency n = size of the sample 100 – constant And after getting the frequency we’re going to get are mean. Of those who answered that they experience having difficulty in making their inventory on the type of inventory system that they have. We are seeking to answer if the types of inventory system that they have make them to experienced difficulty in performing it and also if they encountered problems with regards to the type of system that they have by getting the average mean of those who answered yes they encountered problems and they having difficulty . 1. Compute for P: Let x = number of respondents said that they experience difficulty and problems n = total number of population p =proportion of respondents said that they experience difficulty and problems After obtaining the proportion of respondents who said they experience difficulty and problems by having this type of system, the next thing to do is to compute for the standard error. 2. Compute SP Let Sp =Standard error (For p and n; consider the above description) Sp = p1-p/n 3. Compute Ï€o Let Ï€ = parameter value Z = 1.645-tabular value for Z, level of significance at 95% confidence level. Ï€ = p-(Z∞)(Sp) 4. Testing the significance of parameter value 5. Ho: Ï€o < Ï€o Ha: Ï€o ≠¥ Ï€o 6. Z < 1..645 = Accept Ho Z > 1.645 Accept Ha 7. Compute Z Z = x-nÏ€o/nÏ€o(1-Ï€o)

DBQ- Reform, Democratic ideals essays

DBQ- Reform, Democratic ideals essays 1825-1850 was a time of major reform in education, crime prevention, slavery, religion, womens rights, industrialization, and public schooling, all a part of the revivalistic movement. These did seek to expand democratic ideals, as these movements reflected liberty, equality and the pursuit of happiness, which all lies in the American declaration of independence. Crime prevention was a reform during this period, brutal and harsh punishments were reduced, petty crimes and punishments such as being debt were almost eliminated as laborers entered state legislators. At this time they had an idea to not only punish but reform criminals, therefore adopting the penitentiary system mentioned in Document A. Not only did they sought to prevent future crimes by seeking out the youthful and unprotected. This document contains indications of moral and religious implications. Relating to document E whereas the youth had been industrialized and educated with morals. All this relates to the pursuit of happiness which thus relates to democratic ideals. The document talks about hard work and a virtuous child this reflects education reforms at that time that not only emphasized an improved education but also emphasized on morals and rationalism, which McGuffey preached. Temperance literature was also widely shown at that time. Document H is a great example of this, which depicts the social and economic costs of drinking. At this time, drinking excessively was a problem because it reduced efficient laborers, which thus reduced hardworking individuals into mindless drunks, which went against revivalistic ideals. Therefore the attempt to reduce alcohol intake reflected democratic ideals as it improved the lives of individuals and the individuals families, therefore promoting the pursuit of happiness. Reforms also emphasized on stable hard working families which is clearly shown in Documents E,C and H. Document E talks about hardwo...

Detecting Lies in Negotiations

Detecting Lies in Negotiations Negotiators utilize various strategies to achieve their goals. These include those that explore difference in interests, among others. In general, all negotiators have an objective, which is to reach an acceptable decision. However, it is quite necessary to note that negotiation tables are usually intense.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Detecting Lies in Negotiations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In fact, conflict of interest is quite predominant in negotiations. In this regard, it is necessary that negotiators employ strategies that are effective and inclusive. This paper will explore negotiation strategies in the two articles as well as their similarities, differences and applications (Jones, 2009, p. 1). The first article, which is written by Steve Jones, provides an insight into strategies of detecting lies in negotiations. It starts by emphasizing the fact that negotiators lie in order to prevent exploitati on by the other party. In this regard, Jones suggests various strategies that can be utilized to detect lies in different kinds of negotiations. These include looking for anomalies, listening all the time, being completely aware of the other party’s behaviors and asking right questions. In the process, Jones outlines importance of psychological aspect of negotiations. Moreover, he emphasizes need for physical and psychological observation (Jones, 2009, p. 1). The second article, which is written by Cathy Cronin-Harris, emphasizes need for proper planning before getting into a negotiating table. In this regard, she highlights the fact that negotiation theory has changed over the years. In fact, she insists that negotiations should be based on interest based bargaining instead of assertion of demands and positions. According to her, careful consideration of underlying issues is more important than previous strategies. She therefore suggests strategies for providing effective ne gotiation. These include prioritizing interests, assessing the other party’s priorities, planning factual inquiries, planning of moves based on principle objectives and using money as an option to settle some interests (Cronin-Harris, 2004, p. 44). The two articles explore strategies for effective negotiations. In addition, they both profess need to understand the other party’s interests in negotiations. For instance, Jones emphasizes need for careful observation and understanding of the other party through both psychological and physical means. This is aimed at understanding their behavior as well as unveiling hidden agendas. Similarly, Cronin-Harris also concurs by insisting that negotiators should assess the other party’s interest and priorities.Advertising Looking for report on business communication? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A number of differences can also be drawn from these article s. Firstly, even though they both profess need to understand the other party’s interests; Jones uses observation strategies to achieve this. On the other hand, Cronin-Harris uses interest based bargaining strategies to understand the other party. Clearly, it can be noted that the latter is more open and transparent than the former. In essence, in jones’ strategies, one party tries to unveil what the other is hiding while in the second case, both parties present their interests and bargain based on priorities. It is also paramount to note that the second article emphasizes proper planning before negotiations. This differs from Jones view, which emphasizes scrutiny of the other party. The two articles are important as they dig into various strategies needed for effective negotiations. For instance, Jones strategies are very instrumental in identifying major issues of concern in negotiation table. This is paramount when dealing with cunning negotiators who hide their moti ves. Similarly, Cronin-Harris’s strategies are very important when dealing in open negotiations (professional negotiations) where underlying issues are analyzed to reach a common ground. In essence, Jones strategies are applicable in aggressive negotiations while the latter is instrumental in soft or professional negotiations (Cronin-Harris, 2004, p. 44). Reference List Cronin-Harris, C. (2004). Negotiation Strategy: Planning Is Critical. Web. Jones, S. (2009). Detecting Lies in Negotiations. Web.

Television and its Impact on Teenagers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Television and its Impact on Teenagers - Essay Example Television sells, and it not only sells advertising, it sells ideas. The teenage mind is at a stage where it is open to new ideas, experimentation, and is easily swayed by a sense of status through images. Teenagers, often alienated by their parents and the educational system, seek an identity and want to be a part of a reference or in-group. Teenagers will copy what they view on television and the media industry should be pro-active in monitoring all their programming, measuring its social impact, and assuring that it is fit for all viewers, and especially teenagers. When we consider what a teenager may take from television and incorporate into their own life, sex immediately comes to mind. If the teenager feels disconnected from society, or neglected and unloved, they are in a prime position to seek out inappropriate sex. When television romanticizes sex between 13 year olds, the child will be led to believe that this action will bring them status and love. A study by Brown et al. found that regular viewing of sex on television, "accelerates white adolescents' sexual activity and increases their risk of engaging in early sexual intercourse" (1018). It would be irresponsible to encourage a young teenage girl to have sex in any other setting or format. Yet, it is routinely done on television. The industry must self-regulate the television programming and reduce the exposure that young teens have to sexual content. Drugs are another subject that the media inappropriately presents to teenagers, which encourages them to experiment. Often, television portrays drugs in a positive light and fails to show the tragic consequences that accompany drug use. Teenagers learn which drugs are available, where to get them, and how to use them. Television has essentially become a drug education program. Studies have shown that there has been an increase in movies that portray drug use as a "relatively common and carefree behavior among teen characters in teen-centered films" (Stern 342). Teenagers copy this behavior while assuming they will have the same outcome as the characters in the film. In fact, the media industry could show drug use among teens in a more negative context with a more realistic outcome. This could lessen teenagers' misguided view of the consequences of using drugs. Sex and drugs are activities that an average teenager may engage in with or without the encouragement of television, but violence is something that most teens intrinsically avoid. Yet, television programming has the power to desensitize a teenager's mind to violence and make it more acceptable. As teens view a barrage of violence against women, society, and acquaintances on television, they begin to view this as normal behavior. It is commonly accepted that violence, especially in children's television programming, has escalated in recent years, and the results have been disastrous. A large-scale and long-term study reported by Browne and Hamilton-Giachritsis found a close association between increased viewing of television violence and the "likelihood of subsequent antisocial behaviour, such as threatening aggression, assault or physical fights resulting in injury, and robbery" (703). While we may be able to get a teenager off drugs, or encourage them to curtail their sexual activit y, violent tendencies are deeply ingrained into the

Effects of employment insurance on unemployment (Canada) Essay

Effects of employment insurance on unemployment (Canada) - Essay Example policy is to increase the opportunity cost of those Canadian citizens’ who are unemployed and to reduce the cost of working by mobilizing the unemployed people to look for a job.1 It is believed that this policy will help unload the burden on low-skilled laborers as well as improving the Canadian public employment agencies. In the short term run, it is expected that there will be an increase in the unemployment rate because the employment insurance policy is expected to promote more people into job searching. The number of people looking for jobs will continue to increase because of the job searching performance that is being monitored directly by the Human Resources and Social Development Canada (HRSDC). The increase in the supply of manpower will create an adjustment in the supply and demand curve of labor in the market. (See figure 1) The increase in the number of people looking for a job will eventually affect the supply and demand for employment in the sense that the bigger the supply of manpower available in the market force will give room for employers to select a prospective employee at a lower salary. (See figure 2) Considering that the supply of manpower continuously increases, the demand for manpower decreases. This will give the company the privilege to select competent employees at a cheaper salary. Cheaper salary will result to a decrease in the operational cost per unit in production. A lower operational cost will result to an added profit for the company. (See figure 3) For example, a company is able to manufacture a toy that sells for $10 per hour. Given that there is no other production cost except for the salary of a worker, if the salary of a new worker is only $5 per hour as compared an old employee rate of $7 per hour, the profit per unit will be: Profit per toy (new worker) = Price – Cost per toy The same process applies in reverse. Given that the selling prices fall but the input costs are relatively fixed, the profit margin will

GM crops food Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

GM crops food - Essay Example he customers or the industrial world consumers play a significant role in the GM crops food, as they are the potential basis on which the biotechnology organization can evaluate the effects of these foods on human health (Canavari, 2009). For the biotechnology industry of GM crops food, social media could be a better tool of communication as it will provide information to the public about his product, the services, and the enterprise itself. From this tool, the industry can get back the opinions from other people and try to rectify where critics are experienced. This can help the producers look into the health aspect of the food in a better way (Smith & Zook, 2011). Consumers on the other hand can use direct mails to the organizations whenever they find an issue regarding the product. This aims at making the suppliers to act immediately basing on the feedback from the customers. An example of a direct mail may be a suggestion for a certain method to reduce the health risks in the foods. Retrieved 2 Dec. 20120 from http://ic.galegroup.com.ezproxy1.lib.asu.edu/ic/ovic/ViewpointsDetailsPage/Viewpoints

Prrple Latifolia Essay Example for Free

Prrple Latifolia Essay The benefits of the soap go far beyond its basic purpose. Lavender is a plant that has long been used for a number of medical purposes. Lavender soap is a wonderful way to wash away the day. With its soft sweet fragrance it is great for soothing the mind and body. This soap has ingredients that can help in skin, like lime of calamansi that has benefit that when rub on dry or scaly skin can restores and add moisture to the skin. Also the purpose of this project is to know the other people that it can do soap that have all in one with Insect repellant and whitening extract. B. Result With the use of our product, we will be able to make a cheap but effective soap that can alleviate the need to buy products like lotion and repellants. Chapter 1: Background of the study At the start of the school year, Our chemistry teacher, Mrs. Grace Ababat, told us to find an Innovative Investigatory project that can help the community. Our group researched and found out that all soaps, at present, doesn’t have collective effects. Soaps mostly just have a few effects, such as whitening, germ-protecting, Etc and special soaps have only one single effect. When used for cleaning, soaps allows otherwise insoluble particles to become soluble in water and then rinsed away. For example: oil/fat insoluble in water, but when a couple of drops of dish soap are added to the mixture, the oil/fat apparently disappears. The insoluble oil/fat molecules become associated inside micelles, tiny spheres formed from soap molecules with polar hydrophilic (water-loving) groups on the outsides and encasing a lipophilic (fat-loving) pocket, which shields the oil/fat molecules from the water making it soluble. Anything that is soluble will be washed away with the water. Synthetic detergents operate by similar mechanisms to soap. Soap for cleansing are obtained by treating vegetable or animal oils and fats with a strongly alkaline solution. Fats and oils are composed of triglycerides; three molecules of fatty acids are attached to a single molecule of glycerol. Soap making companies, nowadays, remove Glycerol and sells it as a ingredient to cosmetics Soaps, Insect repellant, lotions, ETC. are now getting rather expensive. If you buy all of them then the price will range from P250-350 just to get all-natural all-in-one soap that will alleviate the need for anyone to buy other products, beside soap, just to get certain effects. Objectives Our main objective, to able to do a soap product that will alleviate the need to buy expensive products like lotion and insect repellant just to get their effects. Statement of problem 1. Will the soap alleviate the need to buy products like lotions and insect repellants? 2. Will soap provide all the effects it is supposed to? Hypotheses 1. Yes it will. It will provide for the effects product like lotions and insects repellants provide. 2. Yes. It has been proven through real-world testing among the members of our group. Significance of the study Money is a luxury people just done have. When someone need something, like insect repellent, it will cost money. Our Investigatory project’s significance is that it will have the effects of other products and the effects that most soaps don’t have. With this, it will able to save money and save time. Definition of terms Lavender Latifolia- Mediterranean plant with pale purple flowers that yields spike lavender oil. Lye- A strongly alkaline solution, especially of potassium hydroxide, used for washing or cleansing. Calamansi- A sour fruit of this plant, resembling a small tangerine and sometimes used as a flavoring or for beverage, sauces or marmalades. Coconut oil- is an edible oil extracted from the kernel or meat of matured coconuts harvested from the coconut palm (Cocos nucifera). It has various applications in food, medicine and industry. Vegetable oil- A vegetable oil is a triglyceride extracted from a plant. Such oils have been part of human culture for millennia. The term â€Å"vegetable oil† can be narrowly defined as referring only to substance that are liquid at room temperature. For this reason, vegetable oils that are solid at room temperature are sometimes called vegetable fats. Hydrogenated- to treat with hydrogen-is a chemical reaction between molecular hydrogen and another compound or element, usually in the presence of a catalyst. The process is commonly employed to reduce or saturate organic compounds. Purple- Color of the Lavender latifolia Chapter 2: Introduction Lavender oil is an essential oil obtained by distillation from the flower spikes of certain species of lavender. Lavender is used for restlessness, insomnia, nervousness and depression. It is also used for variety of digestive complaints including meteorism (abdominal swelling from gas in the intestinal or peritoneal cavity), loss of appetite, vomiting, nausea, intestinal gas (flatulence), and upset stomach. Some people use lavender for painful conditions including migraine headaches, toothaches, sprains, nerves pain, sores, and joint pain. It is also used for acne and cancer, and to promote menstruation. Lavender is applied to the skin for hair loss (alopecia areata) and pain, and to repel mosquitoes and other insects. Lavender oil, which has long been used in the production of perfume, can be used in aromatherapy. The scent has a calming effect which may aid in relaxation and the reduction of anxiety and stress. In our investigatory project, this is our main ingredient. Our Ingredients also include Calamansi. It has been proven that calamansi can remove odor and gradually whiten the skin. We used a little black pepper because it is a very effective insect repellant. Our Investigatory project only include all natural products so it is not harmful to animals, plants , humans and the environment. Chapter 1 Background to the study At the start of the school year, Our Chemistry teacher, Mrs. Grace Ababat, Told us to find an Innovative Investigatory project that can help the community. Our group researched and found out that all soaps, at present, doesn’t have collective effects. Soaps mostly just have a few effects, such as whitening, germ-protecting, ETC, and special soaps have only one single effect. When used for cleaning, soap allows otherwise insoluble particles to become soluble in water and then be rinsed away. For example: oil/fat is insoluble in water, but when a couple of drops of dish soap are added to the mixture, the oil/fat apparently disappears. The insoluble oil/fat molecules become associated inside micelles, tiny spheres formed from soap molecules with polar hydrophilic (water-loving) groups on the outside and encasing a lipophilic (fat-loving) pocket, which shields the oil/fat molecules from the water making it soluble. Anything that is soluble will be washed away with the water. Synthetic detergents operate by similar mechanisms to soap. Soaps for cleansing are obtained by treating vegetable or animal oils and fats with a strongly alkaline solution. Fats and oils are composed of triglycerides; three molecules of fatty acids are attached to a single molecule of glycerol. Methodology Our product, Purple Latifolia, is an all-natural all-in-one soap. It will alleviate the need to buy product like lotion and insect repellants because it will provide for the effects that those products. Our product can protect the skin from bacteria, alleviate migraine, restlessness, insomnia, nervousness, headaches, toothaches, sprains, nerve pain, sores, and joint pain, repel mosquitoes and other insects, whiten the skin, relieve insomnia, pain, and agitation , heal the skin and few other effects. Latifolia means â€Å"works best in water† so our soap’s effects can be optimized with water. Source of Data The population which constituted sample as respondents in this study consists (8) third year high school students at Sto. Rosario Montessori School, Valenzuela City, during School year 2013-2014. Data Gathering and Instruments The following instruments are needed in making a soap: *Thermometer *Cups *Soap Molds *Pan *Stir *Gas stove or any kinds or stove By using this materials you can do a presentable soap. Treatment/General Procedure Mixture of Lye and water 1. Measure the water, 4oz. The measure of the lye should be half of the measure of the water. 2. Pour the lye to the water (always this way, it might explode the other way around. Mix well till it is 100 degrees farenheit) Mixture of all ingredient to become soap 1. While doing the mixture of the lye and water, first you must set the stove to 100 fahrenheit. 2. Put the oil in the stove and wait till the oil is again 100 degrees F. 3. Mix them together (mixture of lye and water) till it has a soapy texture. 4. Put the 2oz of lavender oil, the 1oz of coconut oil and lime of calamnsi. 5. After you mix everything and reach to become it soapy texture, pour it in the soap mold and let it cure (cure period depends on the quantity) Materials needed: Lavender Oil (2oz) Coconut Oil (1oz) Vegetable Oil (6oz) Lye (2oz) Pan Gas range, gas stove or griller Water (4oz) Calamansi extract (squeeze atleast 2 calamnsi Soap molder Chapter 3: Data Analysis # of trials Quantitative Qualitative First Try 4 oz of water 1 oz of lye 6 oz of vegetable oil 7. 5 ml of lavender oil 7. 5ml of coconut oil Failed Texture: Becomes oily Smell: Blending odor of lavender oil and coconut oil Color: Light green Second Try 8 oz of vegetable oil 2g of lye 2oz of water Food coloring 1 teaspoon of black pepper Failed Texture: Not yet mold Smell: Rusty odor Color: Black Fourth Try 4 oz of water 2 oz of lye 6 oz of vegetable oil 2oz of lavender oil Success Texture: It becomes mold Smell: Lavender Color: white Last Try 4 oz of water 2 oz of lye 6 oz of vegetable oil 2oz of lavender oil 1oz of coconut oil Success Texture: It becomes hard Smell: like Lavender Color: White Result The result after the trials, the soap is improving. Even if it’s hard to do, it reached the success in doing it. Just to prove to others that it can discover a soap that has all-in-one soap that has whitening extract and insect repellant that will become effective. Finally it can promote to others. Chapter 4: Conclusion and Recommendation This is all-natural product have the capability to help the community through alleviating the need to buy and use expensive product like lotion and insect repellant because it already has their effects. It will be an affordable substitute. Based on the conclusion, the following were recommended: Always follow the extract measurements Always follow the procedure accurately The materials are always clean Be careful in handling Lye Be mindful at the temperature

Six Sigma Lean Production Systems

Six Sigma Lean Production Systems Nowadays, the development of industrial core intrinsic technologies is more and more important due to the dynamic competition in the global market. Companies have to keep and continuously upgrade their intrinsic technologies in the professional field to gain the sustainable competitive advantage. However, they also have to continuously upgrade their management technologies, and keep sensitive to the latest issues as well as their integration with companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s current system. Otherwise, they still cannot survive in the market even though their intrinsic technologies are advanced. No matter how the management technologies be developed, they must emphasize their contribution to business performance, customer satisfaction and continuous improvement of the products or services. Moreover, the integration of different systems is an important issue today and tomorrow. This research will focus on à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Six Sigmaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Lean Production Systemà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? to discuss their integration based on the background and thoughts mentioned above. Six Sigma is one of the most popular quality initiatives recently. Lean Production System is the world famous production system developed and practiced by Toyota mobile company for a long time. It based on two concepts: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Just-In-Timeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Jidohkaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. Both are based on the variation in thinking in order to improve business process, enhance quality, production and competitive position. Besides, the integration of them is viewed as a new trend in the next management wave. Moreover, regarding the industry characteristics, service industry is quite different from manufacturing industry. Even though there are more wastes and improvement opportunities, the application of Six Sigma, Lean Production System or their integration in service industry is quite few neither in literatures nor practice. This research proposes the Lean Six Sigma integration model based on the research gap and the practical need, and then adapt it for service industry. The model is named as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Lean Six Sigma for Service (LS3)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? in this research. It balances the viewpoints of internal and external customers, and gives consideration to the Lean speed as well as Six Sigma high quality. Also, this research tries to contribute to the enhancement of management technologies. 2. LITERATURES REVIEW 2.1. Introduction to Six Sigma Six Sigma is the major focus of many companies for its powerful breakthrough performance demonstrated in GE, Motorola etc. recently. Six Sigma can help companies to reduce cost, increase profits, keep current customers and create new customers. In brief, Six Sigma is a methodology to reduce the variation of every process and their interfaces to achieve a very high quality level. In statistical theory, six sigma is an ideal target value, and expressed as: 6à Ã†â€™. It means when the process or product we observed under a normal distribution, the probability of a specific attribute value shifts from the mean about positive or negative six standard deviation would be 0.002 part per million (ppm). Motorola company found a phenomenon that the process mean would shift around the center point of specifications in a long-term processing, and the shifting range would be about positive or negative 1.5 standard deviations from the center point of specifications. Hence, Motorola company modified the statistical meaning of six sigma. The definition can allow the sample mean shifts from the center of the population, and the observed process or product would out lie the six sigma limits only 3.4 times per million operations under the original specifications. In addition, the sigma performance can also be expressed by à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Defect Per Million Operations (DPMO)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? shown as Table 1. Table 1. DPMO and Sigma Performance Yield DPMO Shift from Mean Popular Age 6.68 % 933200  ± 0à Ã†â€™ 30.9 % 690000  ± 1à Ã†â€™ 69.2 % 308000  ± 2à Ã†â€™ 1970s 93.3 % 66800  ± 3à Ã†â€™ 1980s 99.4 % 6210  ± 4à Ã†â€™ Early 1990s 99.98 % 320  ± 5à Ã†â€™ Mid 1990s 99.9997 % 3.4  ± 6à Ã†â€™ 2000s Six Sigma means the world leading quality level. More and more companies understand to use Six Sigma to improve the process quality so as to achieve the business dramatic performance. This is because Six Sigma requires the quantitative measurements and analyses of the core business processes as well as suppliersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ involved processes. Originally, Six Sigma methodology is applied to manufacturing industries. However, the applications of Six Sigma are no longer be limited in manufacturing processes today. Keim (2001) demonstrated Six Sigma is very suitable to improve the service performance by two real cases. Paul (2001) pointed that the recent trends in Six Sigma are: emphasis on cycle time reduction, smaller business deployment, and integration with other initiatives. As the Six Sigma market grows, so does the availability of organizations to assist in deployment and integration. This availability of technical expertise allows smaller businesses realistically consider Six Sigma deployment with minimal economic investment. Besides, due to the central concern of Six Sigma is to pursue the customer satisfaction and business performance, we can view Six Sigma a main structure while integrating with other initiatives. As for the integrating initiatives such as Lean Production System, Total Quality Management or Quality Costs etc. depend on the different requirements of each company. 2.2. Introduction to Lean Production System Lean Production System (also called Toyota Production System) is the world famous production system developed and practiced by Toyota mobile company for a long time. It based on two concepts: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Just-In-Timeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Jidohkaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. This kind of production system is very flexible to the dynamic change of market demands, and Lean Production System is established by many small group improvement activities to eliminate all kinds of wastes in the business. An important literature written by Spear and Bowen (1999) published in Harvard Business Review pointed that, the Toyota Production System and the scientific method that underpins it were not imposed on Toyota à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" they were not even chosen consciously. The system grew naturally out of the workings of the company over five decades. As a result, it has never been written down, and Toyotaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s workers often are not able to articulate it. Thatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s why ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s so hard for outsiders to grasp. In the article, Spear and Bowen attempted to lay out how Toyotaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s system works. They tried to make explicit what is implicit. Finally, they described four principles à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" three rules of design, which show how Toyota sets up all its operations as experiments, and one rule of improvement, which describes how Toyota teaches the scientific method to workers at every level of the organization. It is these rules à ¢Ã¢â€ š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"and not the specific practices and tools that people observe during their plant visits à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" that in their opinion form the essence of Toyotaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s system. Hence the two authors called the rules as the DNA of the Toyota Production System. These rules guided the design, operation, and improvement of every activity, connection, and pathway for every product and service. The rules are as follows: Rule 1: All work shall be highly specified as to content, sequence, timing, and outcome. Rule 2: Every customer-supplier connection must be direct, and there must be an unambiguous yes-or-no way to send requests and receive responses. Rule 3: The pathway for every product and service must be simple and direct. Rule 4: Any improvement must be made in accordance with the scientific method, under the guidance of a teacher, at the lowest possible level in the organization. All the rules require that activities, connections, and flow paths have built-in tests to signal problems automatically. It is the continual response to problems that makes this seemingly rigid system so flexible and adaptable to changing circumstances. 2.3. Four Characteristics of Service Industry Recently, due to the economic and international trading environmental change, the structures of many companies are also changed. The growth of service industries rapidly chases the growth of manufacturing industries. Especially for the current situation in Taiwan, many factories are moving to mainland China. Hence, the needs for service industries to fill in the space of economic activities become very huge. Thatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s why service industries play an important role in the economic development recently. This research concludes the four characteristics of service industries based on the literatures written by Kotler (1997), Regan (1963) and Zeithmal, Parasur Berry (1985) as follows: Intangibility: It means that services can be consumed and perceived, but they cannot easy to be objective measured like the manufactured products. Thatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s why there is usually a perception gap between the service provider and consumer. Variability: It means that services are delivered by people, so the service quality may change depending on different time, people and consumer perception. That is, the variability of services. Perishability: Unlike the tangible manufactured products, services cannot be inventoried. They are delivered simultaneously while the demands from consumers appear. Once the demands disappear, the services perish. Inseparability: Since the delivery and consumption of services almost be done simultaneously. Hence the interactions between servers and consumers play an important role on the evaluation of service quality. Consumers evaluate the service quality on the moment of consuming the service. That is, the inseparability of services. 3. MODEL CONSTRUCTION This research proposes an integration model of Six Sigma and Lean Production System for service industry called as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Lean Six Sigma for Service (LS3)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. In practice, the first stage is to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Leadà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? the process improvement project by hearing the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Voice of Customer (VOC)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. The project identification and its scope must be clarified so as to serve the customers more efficiently and effectively by the improvement. The à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Leadà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? stage provides the project team a well-defined scope of the problem they are faced. Hence the major mission of the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Studyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? stage is to measure the current status or level by quantitative data, and then to analyze how the problem affects the process. By the collection of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Voice of Process (VOP)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, the project team can try to converge the problem and begin to find out its root causes. Moreover, no matter what the process indicators are, the project team has to well define them first, and to explain the purpose as well as the use of each indicator. Most important of all, the performance indicatorsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ definition and their evaluation methods must be agreed and confirmed by the people involved. Ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s very important to detail record the performance levels and action results for the further enhancement of service processes. After studying and analyzing the current status of the service process targeted, the third stage is to draw up problem solving countermeasures. The countermeasures must be transformed to the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Voice of Server (VOS)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? so as to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Smoothà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? the whole service process. It is hoped to reduce the defects and speed up the service delivery by the verification of performance indicators. Therefore, the project team will propose some education and training plans for the coming countermeasuresà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ conduction. The project team can measure if the project target achieved or not by the proposed countermeasures so as to continuously monitor and control the better results. At this time, the project team has to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Sustainà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? the operating stability of the service process. Therefore, the purpose of this stage is to confirm the result, the effectiveness of the countermeasures and if there is any side effect. Once these things are confirmed feasible, the project team can view the knowledge and experiences as the base of knowledge management and technology accumulation. Finally, the knowledge and experiences must be diffused and deployed throughout the organization so as to be the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Voice of Business (VOB)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. The LS3 operating model proposed by this research shown as follows: Figure 1. Structure of Implementing LS3 The key points and tools of implementing LS3 are concluded by this research and shown as Table 2. Moreover, the tools of LS3 are also shown as Figure 2. Table 2. Key Points and Tools of Implementing LS3 LS3 Activities Tools Lead Lead the process improvement projects by hearing the voice of customer (VOC) Identify the process improvement project Define the project performance indicators Select the project team members Accomplish the project charter and job assignments Market survey Project charter Annual police deployment Quality function deployment Value stream analysis Study Study and analyze the current status of targeted process to get the voice of process (VOP) Observe the actual process, and measure the baseline Analyze the collected data to understand the present situation Confirm the problem and critical-to-quality Process mapping Measurement system analysis Motion and time study Multi-vari analysis Cause and effect matrix Process capability analysis Time value analysis Smooth Propose the countermeasures, and transform them into the voice of server (VOS) to smooth the service process Draw up the improvement countermeasures Implement the countermeasures to accelerate the service delivery Confirm the results by performance indicators 5S Operation balancing Rapid operation switching Visual management Eliminate, combine, rearrangement, simplify Process reengineering Failure mode and effect analysis Sustain Sustain and control the project results, and spread out the organization to be the Voice of Business (VOB) Standardize the effective countermeasures to sustain the results Continuous control the improvement level Design the job value of employees in the service process Knowledge diffusion and application Control chart Check list Process standardization Error proofing Education and training Figure 2. Tools of Implementing LS3 4. CONCLUSION Due to the limitation of practical resources, the LS3 model demonstration by a real case could not be included in this research. Therefore, this research used the questionnaire survey to verify the theoretical logic and feasibility of LS3 structure. We interviewed several Lean Production and Six Sigma experts and consultants, and we expect to provide a base of verification by their experiences and knowledge. Finally, we conclude the agreements and suggestions of the experts as follows: All the experts and consultants agreed the theoretical structure of the proposed model by this research, and expressed the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“very much agreeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? level on the logic, implementing steps and their contents. All the experts and consultants expressed the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“very agreeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? level on the proposed model with PDCA management cycle. All the experts and consultants expressed at least the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“agreeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? level on the fitness for use of the proposed tools. Some experts considered that the names of some tools originally be applied in manufacturing industry should be changed to be well understood in service industry. In addition, all the experts and consultants considered that the tools mostly applied in manufacturing industry should also be applied to service industry. This is because there are huge demands and expectations of these tools in service industry based on their experiences and observations. Hence they deeply agreed the proposed model by this research contains the tools for reference. All the experts and consultants expressed the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“very agreeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? level on the proposed model really integrated the principles of Six Sigma and Lean Production System. Some experts suggested we could emphasize the principles of Lean Production System a little more. All the experts and consultants expressed the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“very agreeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? level on the feasibility of applying this model to the service industry. All the experts and consultants expressed the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“very agreeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? level on the practical value of this proposed model, and they also expressed that they will refer the structure to demonstrate it if there is any suitable opportunity in the near future. Therefore, we conclude the agreements and suggestions by the experts as follows: all the experts agreed the proposed model by this research on the whole structure, implementing steps and tools planned. They also expressed the practical value and operational feasibility of this model is very high. Moreover, all the experts agreed this model on the fitness for use in the service industry, and they will refer this model to demonstrate it when there is any opportunity in the near future.